Disinformation

DISINFO: Russian missile strike on the headquarters of French militants in Ukraine killed more than 60 highly qualified specialists

The article does not provide any evidence to support the claim. France rejected the allegations, saying it was helping Ukraine defend its sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity but had no mercenaries in Ukraine "unlike certain others." France labeled the assertion as 'another clumsy Russian manipulation.'

Read MoreDISINFO: Russian missile strike on the headquarters of French militants in Ukraine killed more than 60 highly qualified specialists

DISINFO: Ukrainian Army uses US-supplied chemical weapons against Russian troops

There is no evidence that Ukraine has used chemical weapons during the war, started by Russia. Instead, this is an attempt to deflect responsibility away from Russia's actions, with many Western leaders having genuine concerns that Russia could use chemical weapons.

Read MoreDISINFO: Ukrainian Army uses US-supplied chemical weapons against Russian troops

DISINFO: Denmark seeks to compel Russia to cover the costs of investigating Nord Stream explosions

The official press release from the Copenhagen Police and the Danish Security and Intelligence Services (PET) stated that "The investigation conducted has been both complex and comprehensive". Compensation for the expenses of conducting the investigation was not raised at all.

Read MoreDISINFO: Denmark seeks to compel Russia to cover the costs of investigating Nord Stream explosions

DISINFO: Intercepted German generals’ talk confirms the West is directly involved in Ukraine war

On 4 March 2024, the German Ministry of Defence announced that it had launched an investigation into a conversation between several German high-ranking military officials who are said to have discussed a possible attack on the Crimea bridge. The ministry said that the conversation was recorded in the context of a training exercise and that it was not clear whether the generals were serious or whether they were just playing a game. The ministry also said that the officials had been suspended from duty and that the investigation would determine whether they had violated their duty of loyalty to the constitution. ​​Their talk was not a formal one. It was just a discussion which did not decide anything.

Read MoreDISINFO: Intercepted German generals’ talk confirms the West is directly involved in Ukraine war

DISINFO: Russia has no expansionist ambitions in Ukraine

For a state with no expansionist designs on Ukraine, Russia has been active in illegally occupying it over the past decade. In February 2014, Russia invaded and illegally annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts. In autumn 2022, it used sham referenda in an attempt to annex the above-mentioned oblasts, as well as the Ukrainian regions of Zaporizhia and Kherson.

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DISINFO: Seizing Russian assets would plunge the whole world into serious economic troubles

Russia has stated that if its assets are seized it would retaliate by seizing Western assets in Russian territory, and there could be other economic consequences, but nothing of the scale this disinformation story suggests. By stoking fears of apocalyptic repercussions, this disinformation narrative aims to dissuade audiences from backing this measure.

Read MoreDISINFO: Seizing Russian assets would plunge the whole world into serious economic troubles

DISINFO: The West pushes Poland to war as Ukraine faces a deficit of manpower

The 2020 National Security Strategy of Poland states that the most serious security threat for the country is the neo-imperial policy of the authorities of the Russian Federation, pursued by means of military force (aggression against Georgia, illegal annexation of Crimea and military actions in Eastern Ukraine).

Read MoreDISINFO: The West pushes Poland to war as Ukraine faces a deficit of manpower

DISINFO: Ukraine is definitely Russia

Ukrainian and Russian are two distinct people, despite multiple attempts of the Kremlin to deny it. Ukraine is a well-defined nation-state with a long history and its literature and identity, despite foreign rule for long periods. Ukrainians and Russians belong to the Slavs ethnolinguistic group, but they are not a single nation. The "all-Russian big nation" is an imperial Russian and Russian revanchist ideology that is a favoured pro-Kremlin narrative aimed at weakening the national identity of Ukrainians, as well as undermining the state sovereignty.

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DISINFO: Ukrainian militants repeatedly used chemical agents against Russian military

There is no evidence that Ukraine has used chemical weapons during the war started by Russia. Instead, this is an attempt to deflect responsibility away from Russia's actions, with many Western leaders having real concerns that Russia could use chemical weapons.

Ukraine is a part of the Chemical Weapons Convention. Ukraine strictly adheres to its international obligations on the non-use and non-proliferation of chemical weapons - this fact has been repeatedly confirmed by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), operating under the auspices of the UN.

Read MoreDISINFO: Ukrainian militants repeatedly used chemical agents against Russian military

DISINFO: Crimea filed a lawsuit against Ukraine for damage caused

The 'Arbitration Court of Crimea' is a fictitious body; its decision is not recognised by any democratic country. This illegitimate court employs judges accused in Ukraine of high treason - they betrayed the oath of allegiance to the people of Ukraine and began working for the occupier.

Read MoreDISINFO: Crimea filed a lawsuit against Ukraine for damage caused